Symptoms
Mold allergy symptoms are similar to other respiratory allergies. Common symptoms include:
Sneezing
Runny or stuffy nose
Postnasal drip
Itchy or watery eyes
Coughing
Wheezing
Shortness of breath
Scratchy throat
Skin rash (hives)
Headache
Causes
Mold allergies are caused by an overreaction of the immune system to mold spores. When a person with a mold allergy inhales mold spores, the body identifies them as foreign and produces antibodies to fight them. This leads to the release of histamine and other chemicals, which cause allergy symptoms. Common molds that trigger allergies include Alternaria, *Aspergillus*, *Cladosporium*, and *Penicillium*. Damp or humid environments promote mold growth, both indoors and outdoors.
Medicine Used
Several types of medications can help manage mold allergy symptoms:
Antihistamines: Reduce sneezing, itching, runny nose, and watery eyes. Examples include loratadine (Claritin), cetirizine (Zyrtec), fexofenadine (Allegra), and diphenhydramine (Benadryl).
Decongestants: Help clear a stuffy nose. Examples include pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine). Nasal decongestant sprays should be used sparingly.
Nasal Corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation in the nasal passages. Examples include fluticasone (Flonase), budesonide (Rhinocort), and mometasone (Nasonex).
Leukotriene Modifiers: Block the action of certain chemicals that cause allergy symptoms. Montelukast (Singulair) is an example.
Allergy Shots (Immunotherapy): Involve a series of injections containing small amounts of mold allergens to gradually desensitize the immune system.
Is Communicable
No, mold allergy is not communicable. It is an allergic reaction, not an infectious disease. You cannot "catch" a mold allergy from another person.
Precautions
Preventing mold exposure can significantly reduce allergy symptoms:
Control Humidity: Keep indoor humidity levels between 30-50%. Use dehumidifiers in damp areas like basements.
Ventilate: Ensure proper ventilation in bathrooms and kitchens. Use exhaust fans when showering or cooking.
Clean Regularly: Clean bathrooms, kitchens, and basements frequently to prevent mold growth. Use mold-killing cleaning products.
Fix Leaks: Repair any water leaks promptly to prevent moisture buildup.
Maintain Gutters: Clean gutters regularly to ensure proper drainage and prevent water from pooling around the foundation.
Avoid Piles of Organic Material: Clear away piles of leaves, compost, or other organic material where mold can thrive.
Use Air Purifiers: Consider using air purifiers with HEPA filters to remove mold spores from the air.
Monitor Indoor Plants: Mold can grow in the soil of indoor plants.
How long does an outbreak last?
The duration of a mold allergy outbreak depends on the level of mold exposure and the individual's sensitivity. Symptoms can last as long as exposure continues. In seasonal cases, symptoms may subside when mold counts decrease outdoors. In indoor cases, symptoms may persist until the mold source is eliminated or the individual leaves the moldy environment. Symptoms can last days to weeks.
How is it diagnosed?
Mold allergy is typically diagnosed through:
Skin Prick Test: A small amount of mold allergen is applied to the skin, and the skin is pricked. A raised, itchy bump indicates a positive reaction.
Blood Test (Specific IgE Test): Measures the level of specific IgE antibodies to mold in the blood. Elevated IgE levels suggest an allergic reaction to mold.
Medical History and Physical Examination: The doctor will ask about your symptoms, medical history, and potential mold exposure to help make a diagnosis.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms can vary, but generally:
Immediate Reaction: Within minutes to hours of exposure, symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, and skin rash may appear.
Delayed Reaction: Some symptoms, such as cough, congestion, and fatigue, may develop over several hours or days after exposure.
Persistent Symptoms: If exposure continues, symptoms can persist for days, weeks, or even months.
Important Considerations
Asthma: Mold allergies can worsen asthma symptoms. People with asthma and mold allergies should work closely with their doctor to manage both conditions.
Indoor Air Quality: Poor indoor air quality can exacerbate mold allergies. Regular ventilation and air purification can help.
Cross-Reactivity: Some people with mold allergies may also be allergic to certain foods, such as mushrooms, fermented foods, and aged cheeses, due to cross-reactivity.
Severity: The severity of mold allergy symptoms can vary widely. Some people experience mild symptoms, while others may have severe reactions.
Professional Help: If you suspect a mold allergy, consult a doctor or allergist for diagnosis and treatment. If you suspect mold in your home, consider hiring a professional mold inspector to assess the situation.